Jonathan Haidt gives three pictures of the moral matrices of
liberals, libertarians, and social conservatives at the end of Righteous Minds. Each matrix is attached
by lines of varying thickness to six moral spectra – care/harm,
liberty/oppression, fairness/cheating, loyalty/betrayal, authority/subversion,
and sanctity/degradation.
In the liberal picture, care/harm is twice as thick as liberty/oppression,
which is twice as thick as fairness/cheating. The other three are minimal.
In the libertarian picture, liberty/oppression if four times
as thick as fairness/cheating; the other four are minimal.
In the social conservative picture, all six lines are of
equal thickness.
I think he is wrong that social conservatives place equal
value on all six moral foundations.
Conservatives get the greatest emotional reward from conserving. The things most worth
conserving, most worth defending from degradation, are sacred things. Authority
is authoritative because it defends – and defines – what is sacred.
Institutionalized authority that defends the sacred creates institutions worth
being loyal to.
Haidt's larger picture would be more symmetrical if liberals emphasized Care/Harm the most, and conservatives emphasized Sanctity/Degradation the most. Symmetry is not a necessary feature of his theory, of course. Indeed, one of his main points is that conservatives understand liberals more than the reverse because conservatives draw from all six moral foundations, whereas liberals only draw from three.
Nonetheless, I think envisioning the social conservative position as heavier on conserving sanctity, just as the liberal position is heavier on preventing harm, is closer to the truth than the picture Haidt draws in the book.
2 comments:
I think liberals have a strong sense of sacredness, it's just that different things are sacred to them.
At the same time, liberals don't like the idea of something being sacred and don't quite recognize that the values that can't be violated fall into the sacredness/disgust part of morality.
One of Haidt's points is that liberals think only preventing Harm and preventing inequality (as not Fair) are the rational bases for public policy.
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